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The Big Five orchestras of the United States are the five symphony orchestras that led the field in "musical excellence, calibre of musicianship, total contract weeks, weekly basic wages, recording guarantees, and paid vacations"〔Robert R. Faulkiner, "Career Concerns and Mobility Motivations of Orchestra Musicians", ''The Sociological Quarterly'', Vol. 14, No. 3 (Summer, 1973), p. 336. Archived at (JSTOR. ) Retrieved 28 March 2012. Subscription required.〕 when the term gained currency in the late 1950s and for some years afterwards.〔Fred Kirshnit, ("New York Drops Off the List of 'Big Five' Orchestras", ) ''The New York Sun'', 5 December 2006. Retrieved 18 July 2010.〕 In order of foundation, they were:〔Michael Walsh, Lee Griggs, James Shepherd, ("Music: Which U.S. Orchestras Are Best?" ) ''Time'', April 25, 1983. Retrieved 18 July 2010.〕 * New York Philharmonic (1842)〔(History of the New York Philharmonic ) (official website). Retrieved 18 July 2010.〕 * Boston Symphony Orchestra (1881)〔(History of the Boston Symphony Orchestra ) (official website). Retrieved 18 July 2010.〕 * Chicago Symphony Orchestra (1891)〔(History of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra ) (official website). Retrieved 28 March 2012.〕 * Philadelphia Orchestra (1900)〔(History of the Philadelphia Orchestra ) (official website). Retrieved 18 July 2010.〕 * Cleveland Orchestra (1918).〔(History of the Cleveland Orchestra ) (official website). Retrieved 18 July 2010.〕 ==Origins== The term "Big Five" was coined around the time that long-playing recordings became available, regular orchestral radio broadcasts were expanding, and the five orchestras that make up the group had annual concert series in New York City. In the early 20th century, people talked about the "Major Seven" U.S. orchestras. By mid-century, with recordings and radio broadcasts dominated by East Coast ensembles, it became the "Big Three": New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. While this label was still being used in the late 1950s (e.g. ''Newsweek'', 17 February 1958), the growing prestige of the Cleveland Orchestra under George Szell and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Fritz Reiner at this time saw the "Big Three" become the "Big Five".〔Wayne Lee Gay, ("Classical's `Big Five' are on top again", ) ''San Diego Union-Tribune'', May 24, 2003, p. E6.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Big Five (orchestras)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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